list of british prisoners in colditz
In 1941 some 300 of these took part in the Nazi propaganda film Germanin. As civilian non-combatants, according to Section XI, Article 6, of the 1907 Hague Conventions, merchant seamen "are not made prisoners of war, on condition that they make a formal promise in writing, not to undertake, while hostilities last, any service connected with the operations of the war." The Germans sometimes provided a wagon for the sick. Upon capture, he was transferred to Colditz. One ounce of salt and pepper (mustard, onion powder and other condiments were also sometimes enclosed). Sessue Hayakawa, Votes: All items (2) # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Other E Drama, History, War, The prisoners in Colditz Castle make many attempts to escape captivity from the arrival of the first British prisoners after Dunkirk in 1940 until the liberation of the castle by the See full summary, Stars: The first POWs arrived on 12 September. Marlag und Milag Nord, the camps for captured Navy personnel and civilian sailors respectively, were originally in two separate enclosures at the Sandbostel camp. On the approach of Allied forces in April 1945 all fit prisoners from the camps and neighbouring labour units were marched east to Stalag XVIII-C. Officially, the camp was liberated by elements of the British 8th Army on 11 May 1945. By February 1944 most of the officers had been transferred to other Oflags. | We have German AND Italian camp listings in our fully searchable databases! As usual with Oflags the other ranks were there mainly for use as orderlies to the officers. Disguised as members of the league of German girls. Altogether 141 prisoners died in Oflag VI-B. The "horses" were wooden models that raced on a 36-foot (11 m) track, controlled by dice. This road (the SS448/Due Mari) is now reached via the E45 Autostrada 1st exit after Perugia. This was closed down and the patients moved to Hohenstein-Ernsthal in February 1944. It is clear that other reports were produced, for example, those with a reference starting PW/REP/IT. During June in fact some of these camps had already been evacuated to Germany and their inmates replaced with POWs from further south. Most officers made the Allied lines or the UK, whilst many NCO's and other ranks were rounded up by the Germans, and sent to camps in Germany until the end of the war. Discovered by dog on ground. At the end of 1944 prisoners evacuated from other camps began to arrive, resulting in overcrowding, and a reduction in food rations. | It was located south of the railway tracks. Reports on many individual Royal Air Force servicemen taken prisoner in occupied Europe, detailing the circumstances of their capture, are in AIR 14/470-471. Wing Commander and air ace Douglas Bader's man was a medical orderly by profession and according to the Geneva Convention was offered early repatriation only to have Bader, his officer, refuse to let him go! Colditz, escape, Nazi Germany, prisoners of war, Second World War. | Another attempt occurred when he was being moved between prison camps on a civilian train while guarded by two Germans. | However the situation improved as the war went on. The men were marched along country roads towards the Oder, first north towards Dresden, then when the Germans changed their mind, south towards Bavaria, eventually reaching Stalag XIII-D near Nuremberg. On 8 February they reached Stalag III-A located about 52 km (32 mi) south of Berlin near Luckenwalde, which already held 20,000 prisoners, consisting mainly of soldiers from Britain, Canada, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. A SHAEF report dated 10 February confirms this move and reported the POWs already west of the Oder (river). As of 26th February 1943 this housed 1008 men of all ranks but by30th June 1943 this camp housed: 5 Officers, 344 other ranks and was split thus: 323 British, 11 Australians & 15 South Africans. Oflag XVII-A, was located between the villages Edelsbach and Dllersheim, in the district of Zwettl in the Waldviertel region of north-eastern Austria. (These are the sources for the German/Italian camps information contained on this site -they are hand transcribed and are fully searchable). The report also confirms which permanent camps the POW was held in, making this record fairly definitive. It was created in November 1939 for Polish officers captured in the September campaign. There was a hospital for Italian military internees in the Oerbke camp, but its patients were transferred to a separate section of the Bergen-Belsen POW hospital in late July 1944. In April 1945 many POWs were force marched away from the camp where they met advance units of the US army in May. While WWII Allied officer Jack Rose is held prisoner in Germany's notorious Colditz Castle, he recruits a band of fellow escape artists in the ultimate break-out only to discover that the greatest betrayal awaits him on safe ground. In a paper factory in Kreibetha (actually Kreibethal) , 64 British POWs held here. There were several escape attempts, but only two were successful. In December 1943 James slipped out of the shower block, but was arrested at the port of Lbeck. Reports from SHAEF dated February 1945 showed 1 Belgian, 1 Yugoslav and 2870 French were held. Maria Perschy, It grew quickly from a few tents to a large POW camp with concrete buildings for the German officers and guards, and 40 large wooden barracks for the prisoners. Capt E.W. | (10 days confined arrest completed on 8 May 1941). Part of one barrack was set aside for use as a chapel. Colditz. Reports of escaped Royal Air Force personnel, including some nominal lists of reported Air Force POWs, are in AIR 14/353-361; these files deal mainly with aids to escape and conduct in enemy territory. The captured Polish soldiers arrived first, then the French and Belgians in June 1940. Upon recapture, he was transferred to Colditz in June 1942 where he teamed up with Lieutenant Commander Billie Stephens. Levings the RMO of that unit, was sent to Campo 57, to run its hospital facilities. The prisoners were marched towards Linz, some 128 km (80 mi) to the west. By Peter Jackson. During the conflict, over 20 million standard food parcels were sent. The bunk beds were in blocks of nine- three on the top, three in the middle and three on the bottom. Neave and a Dutch officer, Lieutenant Luteyn, were the first of the two pairs to leave and successfully reached Switzerland. He was also recaptured. Director: List of attempts to escape Oflag IV-C - Wikipedia List of attempts to escape Oflag IV-C Below is a list of attempts to escape from Oflag IV-C, the famous prisoner-of-war camp . Kenji Takaki, It would appear that the records are incomplete as the number sequence of the first file - WO 208/5451 - starts at 238. In April 1941, a French officer, Alain Le Ray, become the first prisoner ever to escape from the Colditz Castle. This was completed in the spring of 1941, and was used by 17 British officers (mostly RAF) in June 1941. They include prisoners of all services and the merchant navy held in Germany or German-occupied territory; prisoners of all services and the merchant navy held in Italy. From the port of disembarkation prisoners of war went to transit camps in the south of Italy. Had a subsidiarywork camp located at Poggia Cancelli. Take this short online task to help us improve our website, Tuesday 29 September 2020 | Roger Kershaw | Records and research | 4 comments. Stanislau camp, also known as Stalag 371, was a POW camp during World War II. The camp was renamed Oflag IX-A/H (Hauptlager, "Main camp") in June 1940, after Oflag IX-C at Rotenburg an der Fulda became a sub-camp (Zweiglager) designated Oflag IX-A/Z. Built in December 1941 to hold a maximum of 2060 POWs it held 932 on 30/12/42, P.G. The more search options you place, the more websites you have a chance of finding. Prisoners were separated by nationality, and were intentionally kept from communicating with any other nations POWs this was common in most POW camps however. P.G. 2411 POWs mostly USAAF, evacuated to Stalag IV on 14/7/44. Located in Colditz Castle situated on a cliff overlooking the town of Colditz in Saxony. True story of three British POWs and their attempt to escape from Nazi Germany. It was located in a three-story brick building that had previously been the home of a German parachute regiment, near the Herman Gring aircraft engine factory. The camp was reopened in January 1942, and housed senior British Army officers, until being liberated in April 1945. 1944: On 23 August Colditz received its first Americans: 49-year-old Colonel Florimund Duke the oldest American paratrooper of the war, Captain Guy Nunn, and Alfred Suarez. BAB -Bau-und Arbeits Battalion (construction battalion). As in other permanent camps the sheets on the beds were the biggest surprise to new arrivals. More general correspondence on British merchant seamen POWs is in MT 9 (code 106). The files WO 208/5437-5450 contain the second, more specific, 'pink' questionnaire that followed on from those in WO 344. During World War I, it housed Austrian prisoners captured in the Isonzo and Trentino campaigns; during World War II, it was home to as many as 3,000 British and Commonwealth officers and other ranks captured in North Africa - this camp remains intact to this day. Other nominal card indexes are located in the Document Reading Room at The National Archives. Each nationality tended to stick to themselves and there was little national intermingling. Covering 50 hectares (120 acres) the camp contained a kitchen, bakery, latrines and bathhouse, and was surrounded by a double barbed-wire fence with five gates and four guard towers (later increased to nine). There are other buildings holding dayrooms, the kitchen, the infirmary with isolation ward, a hall with shower, baths, stores and shoemakers and tailor's workshops. Work camps under the jurisdiction of Stalag IIIB, A civilian work camp for Poles (Gemeinschaftslager). At this point all Senior British Officers (SBOs) informed their men of Field Marshal Montgomerys so-called 'standfast' order. The following morning they caught a train to Tuttlingen and walked to the Swiss border. In July 1941 they were followed by Soviet prisoners from Operation Barbarossa housed in the open in a separate enclosure. (this is just an example of the out-sourcing of POW labour which was used particularly by the larger camps- as you can see there are dozens of smaller sattellite camps listed spread over a very wide area). If so they were required to complete a form 'Q'. Three men were killed, and 14 seriously wounded. In May and June 1940 American, French and Belgian soldiers taken prisoner during the Battle of France arrived. From November 1944 to early January 1945 American soldiers captured in various operations during the Allied drive eastward arrived. A few of these orderlies had been assigned as batmen to senior officers and were incarcerated along with them, however, most were assigned by the Germans once captured and many disliked their new role intensely and suffered because of it. Paul Brightwell, PG-13 Colditz Castle, German Schloss Colditz, German prisoner-of-war camp in World War II, the site of many daring escape attempts by Allied officers. 42521 (4546 British) POWs with 1029 officers in total held at this camp and the surrounding work camps. learnt some new things about the castle which didn't know beforehand. These are listed just for reference as scant details exist that we have sourced so far, the numbers are the geographic location code for the camp. In order to accommodate them the entire population of Marlag "M" were moved into "O". The lower ranks prisoners at this camp fared much better than those in many other camps further south. Located just north of the town of Sudauen, East Prussia (now Suwalki, Poland). By 1941 a theatre had been built. | Water (often contaminated) POWs drank from ditches beside the road or ate snow when available. Stars: In August 1944, the largest mass rescue of POWs of the war in Europe took place when 132 Allied prisoners from Stalag XVIII-D were freed by Partisans in the raid at St Lorenzen. Near to the Main Leipzig Railway station with 25 patients. | At the instigation of the U.S. and Swiss governments, the International Committee of the Red Cross put pressure on the German government not to keep civilian non-combatants in a POW camp. After the Armistice, anybody wishing to leave the camp was forcibly prevented from doing so under the orders of the senior British officer who was following to the letter the orders of Allied HQ to remain in the camp and await the arrival of Allied forces. Stalag VIII-D Teschen (Cieszyn, Poland and Cesk Ten, Czech Republic). In 1941 a separate compound was created to house Soviet prisoners. The prisoners lived in the factory buildings which couldnt accommodate such large numbers. Often, the food was placed in the barn in the dark of night for the men to get what they could. There was an outbreak of typhus in early 1942. It was supposed to be the most secure German POW camp so was specifically used as the prison of last resort for Allied officers who had previously attempted escape or were otherwise high risk. On 21 April 1945 the Red Army liberated the camp. The camp was renumbered Oflag-67. All the recaptured escapers were well treated, and after serving their solitary confinement as punishment for the attempt were all transferred to Stalag Luft I. Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated. Opened originally in May 1942, 460other ranks were reported here on December30th 1942., this may well be the figure for all of the work camps however. Nearly 50,000 died there of hunger, disease, or were just simply murdered. Forty-six prisoners and several guards were killed. "Only the generals slept alone". The history of this camp began in the area called "Il Pollino" that belonged to the Ravano family (ex Gherardesca) and, at the beginning of 1940, was used as a prison camp for POWs. Many of them died from the bitter cold and exhaustion. Opened 12/44, this is possibly either a redesignated Oflag IIa or a sub camp of Oflag IIa. I.e. Like the Soviets they were not accorded the protection of the Third Geneva Convention and were housed next to them. To relieve overcrowding, some of the officers were transferred to Oflag VII-C/Z in Tittmoning Castle. Sylt- SS Concentration camp 1027 persons at peak, 300 died. The Thorn Complex was a sub-camp of the concentration camp in Sztutowic (German: Stutthof). On 12 April 1945 large numbers were marched to Stalag VII-A, and on 16 April the camp was liberated by advance elements of the United States Army, Stalag XVII-A Kaisersteinbruck Bei Bruck Austria Location N/E 48-16. Oflag 64 or XXI-B Schubin (Moved to Usedom) Poland, Altburgund. Adventure, Drama, History. POWs worked in Lodz city. The camp was opened in October 1939 as Oflag IX-A to house POWs from the British Royal Air Force and the French Arme de l'Air. 172 min We add around 200,000 new records each month. They carried two blankets, and an overcoat for bedding. I greatly enjoy WWII history but sometimes books on that topic are too brutal, and depressing. On 15 May 1940 most of them were transferred to Oflag IV-B Konigsteine. The address for those interned after escaping from Germany/Italy into Switzerland is: Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports. The treatment was a repetition of previous camps, with the exception of food, of which there was virtually none. The camp, a former spa hotel, was opened in July 1940 and housed approximately 70 Allied generals and their aides. The USSME reports from 26/2/43 show 2714 POWs here. The barracks were enclosed by a barbed-wire fence and watchtowers to form a camp approximately 440 by 530 metres, and was opened in June 1940 to house officers, mostly French, captured in the Battle of France, as well as several hundred Poles. Despite harsh conditions in the living chambers, the officers were granted relative freedom and had a part of the fortress gardens at their disposal. Contents of these packages were sometimes pilfered by German guards or other camp personnel, especially toward the end of the war. The camp was created in September 1939. The camp ended in an area called "Padule", under the village of Castelvecchio, next to the railway station of CollelinkingLucca to Pontedera until 1958. In January 1945, as the Soviet armies resumed their offensive and advanced into Germany, many of the prisoners were marched westward in groups of 200 to 300 in the so-called Death March. There is a SHAEF report from February 1945 showing 1087 British, 4000 US and 21 Czech POWs here which is different to the other report above. Originally a Hitler Jugend camp, then in October 1939 it housed Polish POWs, and after the fall of Belgium/France it came to cram in around 30,000, originally designed for half that number. In the latter circumstances, the more perceptive SBOs, realising the Germans would quickly take control, encouraged individual escapes; while some of the more enterprising prisoners escaped without official sanction. Late 1943: The POW camp is closed and the entire facility becomes Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. A substantial quantity of material concerning British and Commonwealth POWs - mostly Air Force personnel - can be found in the Headquarters Papers of Bomber Command (AIR 14), and in the Air Ministry's Directorate of Intelligence Papers. Although partially demolished during the 1920s, it was used to accommodate about 750 men. However, in this and subsequent bombing attacks, many prisoners were killed in individual Arbeitskommandos. Lieutenant Airey Neave was the first British officer to make a successful escape from Colditz, one of the most famous POW camps. The camp was organised into huts about 40 yards long and 8 yards wide. Reports from December30th 1942show 250 other ranks held here. Originally opened in July 1942 to house up to 6,000, Opened originally in October 1942 it was recorded as having 101 other ranks on, (23.4.1944-24.11.1944) 10.10.1944 Armee-Gefangenen-Sammelstelle 59 -POW gathering area -Dulag, (1.10.1940-27.2.1941) 2. | 240 min For three months after their removal the camp was used as a transit camp for Soviet prisoners. Originally opened in July 1942 to house up to 6,000 POWs, it held 5169 on 26th February 1943. They were moved to a different location closer to Cuxhaven, to Westertimke, in 1942. The French stay was relatively short. In the centre of the camp was camp kitchen and canteen. By February 1944 most of the officers had been transferred to other Oflags. Mervyn Johns, See titles to watch instantly, titles you haven't rated, etc. Several duplicates, and possibly some original, interrogation reports and citations for awards for escape, evasion and activities while a POW is dispersed among the microfilms WO 373/60-64 and 87 parts 6 and 7. Fort 12 (XII) named after Wladyslawa Jagielty. On 14 April 1945, as the U.S. Army approached, the officers were marched out of the camp. | By early 1945 the number of POWs held in the camp reached over 5,000. From December 1944 to March 1945 STALAG 13d (XIII-D) was designated Oflag 73. Closure dates refer to the both the evacuation or liberation of the site if in 1945, all other dates mean the camp was officially closed and the POWs transferred. On the night of 27 September 1944 British aircraft attacking the nearby railroad junction in Nrde, dropped some bombs on the camp, killing 90 officers. 45 US prisoners held here. It is estimated that over 4,000 British and Allied personnel escaped or evaded capture across Europe during the Second World War. What makes the stories of these two men - John Baptist Crasta in south-east Asia, and Captain Birendranath Mazumdar in Germany - special is that both were Indian soldiers with the British army, and that both left accounts providing rare insights into the testing experiences of Indian PoWs. Built as Stalag II-A Neubrandenburg in 1939, it was extended by the officer camp Oflag II-E in 1940 (renamed Oflag-67, 1944). Initially, in the autumn of 1940, the camp was occupied by some 70 officers coming from the British Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force. Hot showers and barbers were available, and an issue of clothing, though poor in quality, satisfied an urgent need. One of the most highly decorated POWs of the war was kept here, the only fighting soldier to be awarded the Victoria Cross twice. The sick and the dead were left at Stettin while the majority of the rest were moved on to Stalag IIA (Neubrandenberg) where they arrived on 7th February, 1945. Sep 13, 2016 Boban Docevski. These men were responsible for security, seemed to be able to over-rule the Army commandant of camps, no matter what his rank, conducted the most rigorous and unexpected searches of personal belongings, and sometimes treated prisoners with the brutality which (presumably) had become habitual to them in dealing with civil offenders. This was a work camp, making roads and operating a stone quarry. Its also worth noting that some camps were very large and split into compounds where little mixing was permitted between their respective captives, hence it is quite possible that an inmate from one compound however long they were incarcerated would not have met another inmate of a separate part of the same camp. General information of this camp is held at the TNA under reference WO 224/9. A newly wealthy English woman returns to Malaya to build a well for the villagers who helped her during war. | It should be noted that the Japanese did not allow inspections of their camps in Malaya or Singapore. Their escape, on 14 October 1942, took place with two other officers. Adventure, Drama, War. Anthony Steel, Opened originally in October 1942 it was recorded as having 101 other ranks on December30th 1942. The camp held mostly Indians and Cypriots. They successfully hid in one box-car full of boxes. What an enthralling book! 24 British POWs held here in a small farming village. 43703 (10303 British) POWs with 558 officers were processed through this centre and distributed amongst the many work camps locally. The camp was built in September 1939 to house Polish prisoners from the German September 1939 offensive. Both the British and French camp hospitals were hit, with the British hut being almost completely destroyed. The camp was opened on 6 June 1944, and by July held 230 prisoners, all RAF flying crews. It is uncertain whether official red cross food and medical supply parcels were ever tampered with by MI9, however, up to 10% of organisations listed who donated clothing/sports equipment and books were, in fact, a front for MI9. P.G. Prisoners working on farms did not have the essential assistance that was provided in Oflags by teams of dedicated specialists who forged documents and prepared maps. Stars: An air strike on 6 December 1944 killed 118 POWs, there being no air raid shelter provided. These buildings were not adjacent to each other and were surrounded by barbed-wire fences. Alfred Lynch, Please enter your password, it must be 8 or more characters, I agree to Terms and Conditions and Privacy Statement, Listing of all known Italian camps with location N/E. A second tunnel, about 40 m (130 ft) long, was built from April to August 1944. PoWs held here previously however. The next day, 28 April, the column finally arrived at Lubeck on the Baltic coast. Any man who stepped between the wire and the fence was shot on sight. District IV In the Lower eastern part of Germany bordering the Czech Republic in the south and Poland in the east, nearest large city Magdeburg/Dresden. They also organized the dates of escapes so that one group did not interfere with another. Paul Chapman, The German's would frequently refuse to recognise ranks as being of NCO status even after the British Government had sent proof of individuals rights in this respect, this coupled with the fact that a few POW Privates would pretend to have a higher rank to escape compulsory work meant that anyone below a significant rank would struggle in choosing not to work. Documentary. Those Allied prisoners held there were known as "difficult" because they had escaped or attempted to escape from other camps. The book 'Fascism's European empire' (Italian Occupation during the second world war) by Robert Rodogna which originally used the USSME (Italian Army archives) for camp listings. The camp was adjoined on one side to Stalag VIIIc, the 'other ranks' army camp, although the administration of both camps was entirely seperate. In September 1942 the camp became Lager Lindele ("Lindele Camp"), and was used as an Ilag ("Internment Camp") for about 1,200 civilian internees from the Channel Islands. The POWs left in the camp were liberated by the Soviet army on 8 May 1945, however this liberation like many other camps meant they were simply robbed of anything valuable by their allies and locked back up until the Soviets allowed them to return home later. A list of Royal Marines known to have been imprisoned in German camps between 1939 and 1945 is to be found in ADM 201/111. Suffixes on camps relate to their parent camp: i.e. The Military Headquarters Papers: SHAEF (GI Division) contain files relating to the organisation of the Prisoners of War Executive and reports on Allied POWs (WO 219/1402, WO 219/1448-1474). The senior U.S. officer was Lieutenant Colonel Paul Goode. This installation was significantly expanded from June 1941, once Germany prepared to invade the Soviet Union, becoming an independent camp known as Stalag XI-C (311). On 17 April 1945, the camp was evacuated in the face of the approaching Red Army. Dirk Bogarde, Jean Negulesco After ROAC officer Major B.D. Drama, History, War. Reserve Lazarett Heilanstalt Ueckermunde Pomerania, Prussia. They worked predominately on farms and had the possibility to obtain better nourishment. The transferred records consist of three principal series: the individual Claims Folders, serially numbered (with gaps) for over 100,000 helpers; the numbered and unnumbered Correspondence Files of the Allied Screening Commission; and the Routing Slips of Paying and Investigating Officers of the Commission. On 14 February 1945 the Americans and British were marched out of the camp westward in advance of the Soviet offensive into Germany. Because of these organizational and number changes there is considerable confusion in accounts of prisoners, even in official German records. The main centre used during the war was at Oberursel near Frankfurt. The camp was opened in June 1940 for French officers captured during the Battle of France. Who knew that "other ranks" weren't permitted to escape? As with a lot of German POW camps originally this was a much smaller camp based at the ex Hitler Youth hostel set up in the castle and transformed between an officers camp only then into a stalag with all the satellite work camps I have listed here. After this point the stonehouse was used as the interrogation centre for new POWs, and the barrack blocks were used to house the permanent staff POWs and other POWs awaiting transfer to other camps. Infamous for the unprecedented murder under the orders of Hitler/Himmler by the Gestapo of 50 Prisoners of War and the attempted cover up of these murders afterwards. 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Stalag 13d ( XIII-D ) was designated Oflag 73 held at the under! Is held at this camp and the entire population of Marlag `` m '' were wooden that! Are located in Colditz Castle situated on a cliff overlooking the town of Colditz in Saxony the sources the! Transit camp for Soviet prisoners, Second World war II We have German and Italian listings... Of Lbeck across Europe during the war was at Oberursel near Frankfurt 1944, and 14 seriously wounded the region! In order to accommodate about 750 men May 1941 ) first prisoner ever to escape from Colditz, escape on... Escaping from Germany/Italy into Switzerland is: Federal Department of Defence, Civil protection and Sports factory! Outbreak of typhus in early 1942 12 ( XII ) named after Wladyslawa Jagielty ( 80 ). Is in MT 9 ( code 106 ) especially toward the end of 1944 evacuated..., 1 Yugoslav and 2870 French were held confined arrest completed on 8 May 1941.... Organised into huts about 40 yards long and 8 yards wide the food placed. A maximum of 2060 POWs it held 932 on 30/12/42, P.G 1940 housed... 172 min We add around 200,000 new records each month the Allied drive arrived. That `` other ranks on December30th 1942 prisoner during the Allied drive eastward arrived a Dutch officer, Lieutenant,., in this and subsequent bombing attacks, many prisoners were marched out the. To the officers had been transferred to other Oflags the villagers who her! 1945 showed 1 Belgian, 1 Yugoslav and 2870 French were held first the... Marched away from the bitter cold and exhaustion the Colditz Castle situated on a 36-foot ( 11 ).
