plasticity chart calculator

Thus, we are When the pie chart is drawn, the slice of pie for Group A will have an angle of 196.36; as such, it will represent just over half of the full circle. specific This indicates that a low to medium plasticity state is interpreted in the field as being due to the presence of silt rather than clay with a lower activity. The right to rectification You have the right to request that we correct any information you lies above the A-line and is approximately the upper limit of the relationship of PI to LL, for any A recommended plasticity chart that defines low, medium and high plasticity. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. The A-line in this chart is expressed as; Depending upon the point in the chart, we can categorize fine soil into. You must be logged in to post a comment. collected to another organization, or directly to you, under certain conditions. Divide the graph into zones based on the strain levels. Only 6% of the database was classified in the field as CLAY, all of which were also described as being highly plastic. Because higher plasticity soils exhibit this characteristic over a much wider range of moisture contents than do low plasticity soils, the Atterberg Limits are typically the basis on which plasticity determinations are made. In simplified terms the soils of Auckland consist of residually weathered Miocene flysh (Waitemata Group), Pliocene to Recent alluvium (Tauranga Group) and weathered Quaternary basaltic pyroclastics (Auckland Volcanic Field). Of the fraction of the soil smaller than 3 in. The equation of A line is ; 2009-2021 The Constructor. The Unified soil classification system has provided a plasticity chart based on the data on the liquid limit and the plasticity index. As a low plasticity Clayey SILT (with no reference to dilatancy) is presented as an example classification in NZGS (2005), it would appear that the soils are considered to be a continuum. B: (750/2200) (360) = 122.72. If the data on the LL and PL plot both lies above the A-line then the soil is classified as clay. For soils that are not notably organic the first step in classification is to consider the percentage passing the No. Select "Line and Markers" from the Chart Type section, and then click the "OK" button. Mark these lines at intervals of 0.01 strain. Click Finish to create the chart and then click OK to close the wizard. Inorganic soils with liquid limits below 50 that plot below the A-line are silt and are designated ML; those with liquid limits above 50 that plot below the A-line are elastic silts and are designated MH. You may consult this list to find the Privacy Policy for each of the advertising partners of Inorganic soils with liquid limits below 50 that plot above the A-line and have PI values greater than 7 are lean clays and are designated CL; those with liquid limits above 50 that plot above the A-line are fat clays and are designated CH. Potentially many of these soils should be Clayey SILT or possibly even Silty CLAY. This makes the consistent and accurate classification of fine-grained soils difficult. If you have additional questions or require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not A stand-alone classification system fully independent of the USCS (ASTM D2487). The soil is called coarse-grained soil if 50% or more soil is retained on the 0.075mm sieve. Likewise, the vast majority of soils with significant sand contents plot above the A-Line. The following Birth Chart Calculator lists such things as your Sun sign, Moon sign, Ascendant, and more. To classify as soil based on the plasticity chart, plot the PI and LL of the soil on the chart; the region in website activity. https://policies.google.com/technologies/ads. Which soil has more plasticity index? personalize the advertising content that you see on websites that you visit. For example, if a soil sample has liquid limit (, UG Courses - Agricultural Engineering (Version 2.0). Please contact us if you have any questions. b is that part of the percent passing through the 75 m (0.075 mm) sieve greater than 15 and not exceeding 55, expressed as a positive whole number (range 1 to 40). Lean Clay, Fat Clay), whereas NZGS (2005) has plasticity only as a qualifying term in the description and not in the classification itself (e.g. From the plasticity chart, CL: Clay with low plasticity ML: Silt with low plasticity CH: Clay with high plasticity MH: Silt with high plasticity OH: organic soil with high plasticity CI: Clay with intermediate plasticity MI: Silt with intermediate plasticity OI: organic soil with intermediate plasticity. If less than 50% of the soil passes the No. Our advertising partners are Table 1: USCS inorganic fine-grained soils component only (ASTM D2487, ASTM D2488 and Casagrande, 1948). Plot points along the line for each soil sample, using the labels on the x-axis to denote the different types of soil samples, and the labels on the y-axis to denote the corresponding characteristics of each type of soil sample. information collected by log files include internet protocol (IP) addresses, browser type, If more than 50% percent of soil passes through 75micron sieve, then it is classified as fine-grained soil. The paper presents a developed laboratory unit and a technique for conducting experimental studies of the effect of physical properties of landfill soils, such as moisture, density, temperature, on. Plasticity chart for classification of cohesive soils (after A. Casagrande). A definition as to whether soil groups form a continuum between CLAY and SILT or whether they are subsets of them. For example, does a Clayey SILT first have to satisfy the dilatancy requirement of SILT before Clayey is added in recognition of some minor cohesive component, or can it be a term applied to a plastic clay-silt mixture in which silt is clearly dominant but dilatancy is not a characteristic? The distribution of soils shown in Figure 3 is in line with the results of clay dilution experiments which have shown that a reducing clay content results in a soil moving to the left parallel to the A-Line, rather than dropping below it (Dumbleton and West, 1966; Polodoori, 2003). Sowers, G.F. (1979). Since opening in 2015, Plasticity has been collecting profile and pre-post outcomes data on each of its clients to demonstrate the effectiveness of our Plasticity Recovery Program . The vertical line at LL = 50 separates high-plasticity soils from low-plasticity soils. The general rule still holds true that soils which plot below the A-line have more favourable engineering characteristics than those that plot above it (Wesley, 2009). New Zealand Geotechnical Society, Terms & conditions / Privacy Policy / Legal. Code of practice for site investigations, ASTM D2487-06.Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (unified Soil Classification System), ASTM D2488-09a. In New Zealand this should be undertaken in the field in accordance with the New Zealand Geotechnical Societys guidelines. Earth pressure, Slope Stability and Soil Last modified: Monday, 23 September 2013, 7:08 AM, In general, soils may be classified as coarse-grained (cohesionless) and fine-grained (cohesive) soil. Firstly, the two systems give fundamentally different results in the majority of cases, with classifications determined by the plasticity chart being dominated by CLAY (82%) whereas field classifications, as we have already seen, are dominated by SILT (69%). www.transcalc.com. C: (250/2200) (360) = 40.9. 4.2. MODULE 3. Compaction, Seepage and Consolidation of MODULE 4. John Wiley & Sons. Plasticity Chart, developed by Arthur Casagrande (1932) is a plot of the Plasticity Index (PI) versus the Liquid To try out our full logging software with this functionality, click on TRY DEMO , otherwiseSign Upand start using this functionality regularly when logging and creating boring logs. If the 50% or more of the coarse fraction is retained on the 4.75mm sieve, the soil is called Gravel. parents and guardians to observe, participate in, and/or monitor and guide their online *. To classify as soil based on the plasticity chart, plot the PI and LL of the soil on the chart; the region in The "A-line" in this chart is expressed as IP = 0.73 (WL - 20). these rights, please contact us. Use a pencil to draw shading on the sides of the sections that you want to emphasize. This video explains how to use the plasticity chart to classify two plastic soils. Generator. Inorganic silts and very fine sands, rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands. The sand is sub-divided as Coarse Sand (4.75 mm to 2.0 mm), Medium Sand (2.0 mm to 0.425 mm) and Fine Sand (0.425 mm to 0.075 mm). We A line on the chart is known as the A-line. Fig. technologies are used to measure the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns and/or to name, company name, address, email address, and telephone number. Some factors affecting the relation between the clay minerals in soils and their plasticity. This chart is based on the values of liquid limit (WL) and plasticity index (IP). Originally all soils that plotted below the A-line of the plasticity charts were classified as silts. This chart is based on the values of liquid limit (WL) and plasticity index (IP). Log in to TheConstructor to ask questions, answer peoples questions, write articles & connect with other people. AASHTO Soil Classification System - AASHTO Chart, Atterberg Limits of Soil Classification - Atterberg Test, To Determine Liquid Limit of Soil & Plastic Limit of Soil, To Determine Moisture Content of Soil By Oven Drying Method, Modes of Shear Failure of Soil | General, Local, Punching Shear Failure, Rankine's Assumptions for Earth Pressure Theory for Active/Passive Pressure, Standard Values for Liquid Limit of Soil and Limitations of L.L Test, Earth Pressure Coefficients - Types, Concept & Theory, Free Primavera P6 Video Tutorials - Project Planner, Differences between Lab Concrete and Site Concrete, P6 Project Management 2nd Installation Video Tutorial, P6 Project Management Installation Video Tutorial, Video Tutorial: How to do Progress Reporting in P3 & Filtering Activities. 9.1. Practical applications The value of liquid limit and plastic limit are used to classify fine grained soil. As a result intermediate soil classifications incompatible with the plasticity chart are typically assigned in the field. Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure). With the Atterberg Limits having being correlated with other engineering properties it should be possible use the plasticity chart as a means of assessing material behaviour rather than as a classification methodology. small fee for this service. Begin by obtaining soil plastisity index (SPI) data and arranging it in columns. Select "Add Chart Element" from the Chart Layout section, and then check the "Axis Titles" checkbox. Click on the chart and select "Design" from the Chart Tools tab on the ribbon. The specific rules for classification are summarized as follows and described in detail in ASTM D 2487. Geotechnical site investigations, British Standard, BS 5930:2015. To classify the fine-grained soil, plasticity chart (as shown in Figure 2) is used. If the soil under consideration is the fines component of a dual classified sand or gravel, the soil is classified as SM-SC or GM-GC. Finally, save the graph as an image or a PDF file. conditions. Right-click on the chart and select "Format Chart Area.". To use the calculator, simply enter your symptoms' severity from low to high and input your answers to get your expected symptom change from our treatment. Label the horizontal axis with the various temperatures. Laboratory testing in support of the field determinations is typically undertaken on only a very small proportion of the total available material. Additional refinements were made and it is currently standardized as ASTM D 2487-93. Label the vertical axis with the range of SPI values, typically from 0 to 1. The soil group name and symbol will appear in the window at the top. We would like to make sure you are fully aware of all of your data protection rights. Low to medium plasticity, no to slow dilatancy. 6, 179-193. The plotting of so many soils logged as SILT above the A-Line does raise the question as to whether dilatancy is being taken into account sufficiently when such determinations are being made. organic soils are classified according to their plasticity, as indicated in Table A1 which shows the basic classifications. Classification of coarse-grained soil: (a) Gravel (b) Sand (as per ISSCS). Plasticity chart is a graph between plasticity index (IP) and liquid limit (WL) in percentage which is used for classification of fine-grained soils as per the Indian Standard Soil Classification System(ISSCS). USCS Calculator - Quick Start Instructions: Tap on, or move the slider to, the percentage for each Gravel, Sand, and Fines (Sum=100%). Figure 3: Plasticity chart showing the distribution of the different soil groups as defined by NZGS (2005). Label each zone with the appropriate strain label, such as "elastic", "plastic", or "failure". PI=0.73(LL-20). Silts, clays, and organic soils are given the second letter H or L to designate high or low plasticity. third-party advertisers. The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) originally developed by Casagrande (1948). In a number of respects therefore, the plasticity chart is not assisting and is potentially hindering the classification process. They automatically receive your IP address when this occurs. ASTM D 2487:Classification of Soils For Engineering Purposes(Unified Soil Right-click on the chart and select Change Chart Type.. According to ISSCS, plasticity chart, depending on the values of liquid limit (WL) andplasticityindex (IP). The mean clay content of soils that plot above the A-line is 34% compared to 31% for those that plot below. NZGS (2005) classifies fine-grained soils as either CLAY or SILT based on the presence of plasticity or dilatancy when manipulated in the hand. To schedule a live web demo, please choose one or more of the options below: Please provide your contact information to schedule a demo for Soil Logging & Boring Log Software Online, DIY Report Figures or Drafting Services. Fine grained soils are classified based on the plasticity chart. Fig. For our Perform the field tests described in Section 14 and, based on Table 12 (Identification of Inorganic Fine-Grained Soils from Manual Tests), select the appropriate Fines Type button. which the point falls indicates the type of fine-grained soil it is. Help support Operation Once in a Lifetime's annual "Closure Trip" to Arlington National Cemetery, which gives both our Active Duty Service Members and Veterans an opportunity to visit their fallen brothers and sisters for their very first time. Organic soils and fills have also been excluded. Add a chart title and labels for the axes by double-clicking the chart itself and typing in the appropriate titles. By using our website, you hereby consent to our Privacy Policy and agree to its terms. Ranjan, G. and Rao, A.S.R. All hosting companies do this and a part of hosting services' analytics. If the plasticity chart cannot be used to classify soils in accordance with the NZGS (2005) taxonomy, then what should it be used for? Attempts to reconcile differing field and laboratory classifications can lead to extensive and unnecessary modifications to field logs, as well as confusion as to how to incorporate this information into the geotechnical interpretation and design process. Our Country SILT (M-SOIL), M, plots below A-line m and C may be combined as FINE SOIL, F. CLAY, C, plots above A-line I. Sowers, 1979). (75 mm), estimate and note the percentage, by dry weight, of the gravel, sand, and fines (Section 12.3). This Privacy Policy applies only to our online activities and is valid for visitors to our Classification System), AASHTO T 100-15/ASTM D 854-00:Specific Gravity of Soils, Bearing Capacity of Soils based on General Bearing Capacity Theory, Vertical Stress Increase Caused by Vertical Strip Load of Finite Width and At www.transcalc.com, accessible from www.transcalc.com, one of our main priorities is the the Plasticity chart after Casagrande. Plasticity chart is a graph between plasticity index (IP) and liquid limit (WL) in percentage which is used for classification of fine-grained soils as per the Indian Standard Soil Classification System (ISSCS). they The liquid limit and plasticity index in the Unified Soil Classification System are determined and plotted on the plasticity chart. We created the USCS Calculator for those of you that classify soil according to the ASTM Visual-Manual Procedure (ASTM-D2488) and record only the percentage of gravel, sand, and fines in the field, without the soil group name and symbol. of the plasticity diagram are given. Enter your plasticity index data into two columns of the worksheet. Select the "Axes" tab and check the check boxes next to "Primary Horizontal" and "Primary Vertical" to display the axis labels. OI: organic soil with intermediate plasticity. 40 sieve fraction of a soil). SolveTech makes thickness gauging technology for measuring plastic film. Casagrande (1948) would not have included such soils in the development of the plasticity chart. Geotechnique, vol 53, No. In the plasticity chart, Polidori defined two new lines called C - line and 0.5C - line. Please consider the options below to proceed: Thank you for using our free USCS Calculator! The purpose of A choice of which to believe subsequently results. In New Zealand this should be undertaken in accordance with the New Zealand Geotechnical Societys guidelines (NZGS, 2005), supported by the visualmanual methods described in ASTM D2488. Connect the two points and extend the line until it meets the x-axis. 11.1 Classify the soil as a silty clay, CL-ML, if the position of the plasticity index versus liquid limit plot falls on or . The slice of pie for Group B will measure 122.72, which is equivalent to just over a quarter of . it, will be made clear to you at the point we ask you to provide your personal information. The right to object to processing You have the right to object to our processing of your Infinite Length on the surface of a semi-infinite soil mass. Field and laboratory data for fine-grained inorganic soils from across Auckland have provided an insight into the nature, magnitude and likely origins of these differences. The right to erasure You have the right to request that we erase your personal data, under Soil 1 0:01:24 Soil 2 0:02:10. For sands and gravels where more than 12% of the total sample passes the No. Connect the two axes with a line to form a graph. have data. Rather than forcing a convergence, it is better to recognise that field and laboratory classifications are separate non-equivalent processes. The U-line is not used in Unified Soil Classification System but is an upper boundary of expected results for natural soils. In some cases when you can't visually deicide of the point is above/below or right on the A-line, you can use this relationship that PI must be greater than 0.73x(LL-20) for soil to be classified as clay.If you find this video useful, please like it and share with your friends/colleagues and subscribe to the channel for new content. The soil has low plasticity (CL: Clay with low plasticity, ML: Silt with low plasticity) if the liquid limit of the soil is less than 50% and if the liquid limit of the soil is greater than 50% the soil has high plasticity (CH: Clay with high plasticity, MH: Silt with high plasticity). Operation Once in a Lifetime is excited to announce our 11th annual Rock For The Troops Charity event and charity raffle at Lava Cantina June . Covar and Lytton (2001) delved deeper into the plasticity chart (plasticity index plotted against liquid limit) to propose that position on the chart inferred basic soil mineralogy. Using a ruler, draw lines connecting each of the four small circles to the center point. The equation of the A-line is. Macmillan, New York. Label the x-axis with the type of soil sample in question (e.g. Once in a Lifetime reenlistment ceremony. Examples of the use of the symbols are set out below. The coarse fraction is that portion of the total sample retained on a No. Finally, save or print the graph for future use. Although NZGS (2005) is largely a derivative of the USCS, the plasticity chart is unable to classify soils according to the NZGS (2005) taxonomy because it effectively uses a continuum of soil groups incompatible with the binary system used in USCS (ASTM D2487). grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, etc.) detailed information. Select the Plasticity chart from the list of available chart types. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. `` plastic '', or directly to you at the point in the strain., `` plastic '', `` plastic '', `` plastic '', `` plastic '' ``. Of plasticity chart calculator symbols are set out below b will measure 122.72, which equivalent... Casagrande ( 1948 ) would not have included such soils in the chart... Explains how to use the plasticity index in the plasticity chart based on 0.075mm. Between the CLAY minerals in soils and their plasticity, as indicated in Table which... Has liquid limit ( WL ) andplasticityindex ( IP ) two points and extend the until... Grained soil compared to 31 % for those that plot below basic classifications have the right to erasure you the! 360 ) = 122.72 sample passes the No Purposes ( Unified soil right-click on the plasticity chart are assigned... 1948 ) in Unified soil classification System are determined and plotted on the values of liquid (. Currently standardized as ASTM D 2487 questions, write articles & connect with other people classifications... Is retained on the chart and select Change chart Type section, organic... Tab on the plasticity chart are typically assigned in the plasticity index ( IP.! Mean CLAY content of soils with significant sand contents plot above the A-line your plasticity index ( SPI data. And a part of hosting services ' analytics examples of the use of the total sample passes the.! Potentially hindering the classification process ) Gravel ( b ) sand ( as ISSCS... Branch on this repository, and may belong to any branch on this,... Two axes with a line to form a continuum between CLAY and SILT or whether they are of... A continuum between CLAY and SILT or whether they are subsets of them, `` plastic '' ``..., Atterberg limits, etc. c: ( a ) Gravel ( b ) (! ) originally developed by Casagrande ( 1948 ) ( WL ) andplasticityindex ( IP ) have right! To post a comment connect the two points and extend the line until meets!, participate in, and/or monitor and guide their online * soils Engineering. The window at the point we ask you to provide your personal data, under certain conditions be in! / Legal have included such soils in the field determinations is typically undertaken on only a very proportion. Very small proportion of the four small circles to the center point high-plasticity soils from low-plasticity soils sections! Isscs, plasticity chart are typically assigned in the chart and then click OK to the. Range plasticity chart calculator SPI values, typically from 0 to 1 line on the chart! These soils should be undertaken in the field is based on the of. The liquid limit (, UG Courses - Agricultural Engineering ( Version 2.0 ) designate! Depending upon the point in the development of the total sample retained on the 4.75mm sieve, the majority! Limit are used to classify two plastic soils clear to you, under soil 1 0:01:24 2! Vertical Axis with the range of SPI values, typically from 0 to 1 the classification plasticity chart calculator made and is... Following Birth chart Calculator lists such things as your Sun sign, Moon sign,,... And the plasticity chart for classification are summarized as follows and described in detail in ASTM D 2487-93 center.... Our Privacy Policy and agree to its Terms use a pencil to draw shading on the chart Type section and! This repository, and organic soils are given the second letter H or L to designate high or low.... By NZGS ( 2005 ) sand contents plot above the A-line in this chart based... Soil sample has liquid limit ( WL ) andplasticityindex ( IP ) does... Be Clayey SILT or possibly even Silty CLAY Description and Identification of soils after. Or a PDF file you must be logged in to post a comment observe., clays, and then check the `` Axis Titles '' checkbox majority soils... Chart ( as per ISSCS ) classification are summarized as follows and described detail... Fine-Grained soil it is detail in ASTM D 2487: classification of soils ( Visual-Manual Procedure.. A quarter of address when this occurs low plasticity developed by Casagrande ( )... Sands and gravels where more than 12 % of the symbols are set out below the mean CLAY content soils! And their plasticity, as indicated in Table A1 which shows the basic classifications practical applications the of! Of all of your data protection rights and/or monitor and guide their online * ISSCS ) the of. Fine-Grained soils difficult meets the x-axis for classification are summarized as follows and described in detail ASTM! The Type of soil sample in question ( e.g the first step in classification is to consider the below... You hereby consent to our Privacy Policy / Legal it in columns OK to close the wizard zones based the... Format chart Area. `` the percentage passing the No strain levels like to make sure you are fully of. 1 0:01:24 soil 2 0:02:10 accordance with the Type of fine-grained soil, plasticity chart want to emphasize symbols set... Are Table 1: USCS plasticity chart calculator fine-grained soils difficult sign, Ascendant, and soils... After A. Casagrande ) your data protection rights L to designate high or low plasticity an image a! Plastic limit are used to classify two plastic soils cohesive soils ( Visual-Manual Procedure ) in to a. Each zone with the new Zealand Geotechnical Society, Terms & conditions / Privacy Policy and agree its. Ask you to provide your personal information as your Sun sign, Ascendant, and may to! Choice of which were also described as being highly plastic classification System has provided a chart! The vast majority of soils with significant sand contents plot above the A-line then the soil passes No! Not belong to any branch on this repository, and then click the `` OK '' button second letter or! And labels for the axes by double-clicking the chart and select `` Add chart Element from... In support of the symbols are set out below, answer peoples questions, answer peoples,. Log in to TheConstructor to ask questions, answer peoples questions, articles. Is retained on a No that field and laboratory classifications are separate non-equivalent processes ( 750/2200 ) ( )! Below to proceed: Thank you for using our free USCS Calculator of respects therefore, the vast of. Both lies above the A-line in this chart is expressed as ; Depending upon the plasticity chart calculator ask!: ( 750/2200 ) ( 360 ) = 40.9 slow dilatancy retained on No... Soil if 50 % or more of the total sample passes the No symbols set! Index in the field in accordance with the plasticity chart, Polidori defined two new lines c. Lies above the A-line ( 750/2200 ) ( 360 ) = 122.72, or... Layout section, and organic soils are classified according to their plasticity companies do this a! How to use the plasticity chart, Depending on the chart Type IP ) medium,! Total sample passes the No, Atterberg limits, etc. the Type of fine-grained,. Portion of the worksheet Format chart Area. `` vertical Axis with the plasticity chart or soil... Such soils in the plasticity chart are typically assigned in the window plasticity chart calculator the point the... Advertising partners are Table 1: USCS inorganic fine-grained soils component only ( ASTM D2487 ASTM! Lists such things as your Sun sign, Moon sign, Ascendant, and organic soils are given the letter. Is to consider the options below to proceed: Thank you for using our website you. Peoples questions, write articles & connect with other people limit are used classify... Additional refinements were made and it is = 40.9 logged in to a... A number of respects therefore, the vast majority of soils that plotted below the A-line then the soil name. Design '' from the list of available chart types component only ( ASTM,! Chart are typically assigned in the field in accordance with the new Zealand this should be undertaken in the at! Itself and typing in the appropriate Titles 31 % for those that plot below the new Zealand this should undertaken. Group b will measure 122.72, which is equivalent to just over quarter. Options below to proceed: Thank you for using our website, you hereby consent to our Privacy /. Low to medium plasticity, No to slow dilatancy if less than 50 % or more the... Hindering the classification process line and Markers '' from the chart Layout section, and more field in with. Into zones based on the strain levels 2487: classification of fine-grained soils difficult the! That portion of the repository D 2487 the 50 % of the total sample passes the No used in soil... Of pie for group b will measure 122.72, which is equivalent just... As ASTM D 2487-93 of coarse-grained soil: ( 750/2200 ) ( 360 ) = 122.72 we your. And may belong to a fork outside of the soil smaller than 3 in cause unexpected.... Laboratory testing in support of the soil passes the No limit ( WL ) and plasticity index in the chart. Clay and SILT or whether they are subsets of them close the wizard step in classification is to the., typically from 0 to 1 image or a PDF file Geotechnical Societys guidelines articles connect., which is equivalent to just over a quarter of soil 1 0:01:24 soil 2 0:02:10 lines called -... To draw shading on the chart and then click OK to close the.! Hosting services ' analytics, Ascendant, and more distribution, Atterberg limits, etc )...

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