senoy, sansenoy and semangelof amulet
Enter your e-mail below to receive the most interesting, quality content about the treasures preserved in the National Library! In the Akkadian language of Assyria and Babylonia, the terms lili and lltu mean spirits. Judging by the style of script, as well as the name of the youth to whom the manuscript was dedicated Yosef Tzemach Gabriel Donati which appears on the last page, it is likely that the manuscript was inscribed in Italy during the 18th or 19th century. Two apples swayed upon a stem, The eyes are very large, as well as the hands (if depicted). [27], A connection between the Gilgamesh ki-sikil-lil-la-ke and the Jewish Lilith was rejected on textual grounds by Sergio Ribichini (1978). [31], The Arslan Tash amulets are limestone plaques discovered in 1933 at Arslan Tash, the authenticity of which is disputed. An amulet for safeguarding a newborn child and its mother with an incantation against Lilith. Asmodeus the great king of the demons has as a mate the Lesser (younger) Lilith, daughter of the king whose name is Qafsefoni. Senoy, Sansenoy, and Semangelof made a deal with Lilith. Scholars tend to date the Alphabet between the 8th and 10th centuries AD. This is why one hundred of Lilith's demon children die every day and why the names of the three angels, Senoy, Sansenoy, and Semangelof, written on an amulet, protect people from her evil influence. Their names are Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof. The condition was that Lilith promised that she would not touch any child that had an amulet inscribed with the angels' names. Demon-Busting Magical Bowls from Babylon! 151b; b. Baba Bathra 73ab, Kabbalist References: Zohar 3:76b77a; Zohar Sitrei Torah 1:147b148b; Zohar 2:267b; Bacharach,'Emeq haMelekh, 19c; Zohar 3:19a; Bacharach,'Emeq haMelekh, 102d103a; Zohar 1:54b55a, Dead Sea Scroll References: 4QSongs of the Sage/4QShir; 4Q510 frag.11.46a//frag.10.1f; 11QPsAp, Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants, "Finding Lilith: The Most Powerful Hag In History", Collection of Lilith information and links, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lilith&oldid=1139992560, (the) night-demon Lilith, evil and rapacious (, "[Expounding upon the curses of womanhood] In a, "For gira he should take an arrow of Lilith and place it point upwards and pour water on it and drink it. (eds. [12] For example, in the 13th-century writings of Isaac ben Jacob ha-Cohen, Lilith left Adam after she refused to become subservient to him and then would not return to the Garden of Eden after she had coupled with the archangel Samael. . 18:3). The three failed in their mission; Lilith claimed that the great demon has already come upon her, referring to Samael, and could therefore no longer return to Adam. Another version[69] that was also current among Kabbalistic circles in the Middle Ages establishes Lilith as the first of Samael's four wives: Lilith, Naamah, Eisheth, and Agrat bat Mahlat. The three angels were made popular by the Alphabet of ben Sirah, while the illustrations of their images in various amulets also contributed to their fame. [63] Asmodeus was already well known by this time because of the legends about him in the Talmud. [101] A different approach to a Satanic Lilith holds that she was once a fertility and agricultural goddess. Senoy, Sansenoy and Smangeluf (sometimes written Semangelof, or Snvi, Snsnvi and Smnglof) are three guarding angels in the Jewish mythology. An amulet for women after childbirth, The National Librarys Amulet Collection, Jewish Mysticism, Joseph Dan, Jerusalem : J. Aronson, 1999, Some sources of Jewish-Arabic demonology, Gershom Scholem, JJS, Vol. Lilith in Historical Text This is the earliest Jewish amulet to appear in paper print. Eli Yassif, who studied the medieval stories of ben Sirah (or ben Sirach), claimed that the custom of writing amulets with the names of the angels dates back even earlier than the 8th century, its story intended to explain an existing custom. Chavvah ha-Rishonah, analogically to the phrase Adam ha-Rishon, i.e. This last term, according to the Hebrews, signifies the same thing, as the Greeks express by strix and lamiae, which are sorceresses or magicians, who seek to put to death new-born children. For other uses, see, The spirit in the tree in the Gilgamesh cycle, The bird-footed woman in the Burney Relief, Alsatian Krasmesser (16th to 20th century), In Western esotericism and modern occultism, , -, - ; - , . The plague of archaeology, a pashkevil from 1980, Another pashkevil, seen here below, which dates to the period of the British Mandate, warns of the plague of eating and selling non-kosher meat, which had broken out among the Jewish community. The charm in fact consists of two different amulets joined together, one on top and one below. Senoy became Saint Sisoe, Sansenoy became Sisynios and Semangelof appears as Synidores. An amulet attributed to Isaac Luria, "The Holy ARI", 1855 The first occurrence of plague in the recorded history of the Middle East was known as the "Plague of Justinian", named after the Byzantine Emperor, Justinian I. According to myths, Lilith, the female demon, is looking to snatch and kill sleeping babies as a revenge on Adam. On this bowl we find a text written by the author Duchtish Bat Bahrui, describing a character named Smamit, the mother of twelve sons who were killed by a brutal demon named Sideros. Faust: [dancing with the young witch] An amulet attributed to Isaac Luria, "The Holy ARI", 1855, 2020 , Prayers, Amulets and Spells to Ward off Plague. The figure is often depicted with arms and legs chained, indicating the control of the family over the demon(ess). Adam was left lying as a body without a soul. It is a re-telling of the Fall of Man as a love triangle between Lilith, Adam and Eve with Eve's eating the forbidden fruit being in this version the result of misguided manipulations by the jealous Lilith, who had hoped to get her rival discredited and destroyed by God and thus regain Adam's love. I,74.1. [7] In the Ancient Mesopotamian religion, found in cuneiform texts of Sumer, Assyria, and Babylonia Lilith signifies a spirit or demon.[1][8][9]. [36][37], Eberhard Schrader (1875)[38] and Moritz Abraham Levy (1855)[39] suggest that Lilith was a demon of the night, known also by the Jewish exiles in Babylon. At this point, the three angels enter the picture. The quest for a proven, functioning magical amulet, one whose supernatural powers can be trusted with certainty, has led buyers to prefer amulets ordained with fixed and familiar mystic formulas. The incantation bowls which have been analysed, are inscribed in the following languages, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, Syriac, Mandaic, Middle Persian, and Arabic. The midrash develops the story of Moses's plea after God expresses anger at the bad report of the spies. They told her God's word, but she did not wish to return. In the pashkevil broadsides which are popular in ultra-orthodox Jewish communities, the word is often used to describe various ills which have spread throughout modern Israeli society, whether they be of a biological, theological or moral nature. The word itself in turn seems to be a distortion of, "R. Hanina said: One may not sleep in a house alone [in a lonely house], and whoever sleeps in a house alone is seized by Lilith." The three angels' names, Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof, were written on the entrance door. [97] According to one view, Lilith was originally a Sumerian, Babylonian, or Hebrew mother goddess of childbirth, children, women, and sexuality. She said, "I will not lie below," and he said, "I will not lie beneath you, but only on top. In Jewish mythology, Lilith is believed to be Adams first wife, who was banished before she was able to bear his children. Said the Holy One to Adam, 'If she agrees to come back, what is made is good. The figures of Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof appear here from right to left The quest for a proven, functioning magical amulet, one whose supernatural powers can be trusted with certainty, has led buyers to prefer amulets ordained with fixed and familiar mystic formulas. [80][81], Not so much an amulet as a ritual object for protection, the Krasmesser (or Kreismesser, circle knife) played a role in Jewish birth rituals in the area of Alsace, Switzerland and Southern Germany between the 16th and 20th century. The female side was Lilith, whereupon she flew to the Cities of the Sea and attacked humankind. It would become evident that the child was not fathered by the husband, and the child would be looked down on. Amen, Amen, Selah, Halleluyah! [87] Hormin who is mentioned here as the son of Lilith is most probably a result of a scribal error of the word "Hormiz" attested in some of the Talmudic manuscripts. [55] The writing is most commonly scripture or references to the Talmud. After God created Adam, who was alone, He said, 'It is not good for man to be alone' (Genesis 2:18). Occasionally, a piece of paper with magic spells writ-ten on it was hung by the child's bed. The Matron Lilith is the mate of Samael. [22][23] Identification of the ki-sikil-lil-la-ke as Lilith is stated in the Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (1999). The Akkadian word lilu is related to the Hebrew word lilith in Isaiah 34:14, which is thought to be a night bird by some modern scholars such as Judit M. Many of the traditional characteristics of Lilith mythology are present in the author's depiction: Long dark hair, pale skin, a hatred and fear of children and babies, and an obsession with gazing at herself in a mirror. [89] A few magical orders dedicated to the undercurrent of Lilith, featuring initiations specifically related to the arcana of the "first mother", exist. Some Satanists believe that she is the wife of Satan and thus think of her as a mother figure. In this particular case, the "arrow of Lilith" is most probably a scrap of, "Rabbah said: I saw how Hormin the son of Lilith was running on the parapet of the wall of Mahuza, and a rider, galloping below on horseback could not overtake him. It made its way to the Land of Israel from Egypt around 541-542 AD. Of Adam's first wife, Lilith, it is told It is a collection of stories about heroes of the Bible and Talmud, it may have been a collection of folk-tales, a refutation of Christian, Karaite, or other separatist movements; its content seems so offensive to contemporary Jews that it was even suggested that it could be an anti-Jewish satire,[62] although, in any case, the text was accepted by the Jewish mystics of medieval Germany.[49]. Because Adam tried to compel her obedience by force, Lilith, in a rage, uttered the magic name of God, rose into the air and left him. -------------------------------- Schrader's and Levy's view is therefore partly dependent on a later dating of Deutero-Isaiah to the 6th century BC, and the presence of Jews in Babylon which would coincide with the possible references to the Lltu in Babylonian demonology. In a desperate attempt to take revenge on Adam and all his offspring, Lilith devotes her efforts to harassing newborn children and their mothers. I climbed up for them.The Pretty Witch: Another passage charges Lilith as being a tempting serpent of Eve. Adams first wife is described as having been created from dust, just as he was, and therefore, argues scholar Joseph Dan, she saw herself as his equal in every aspect. Lilith and Faust engage in a short dialogue, where Lilith recounts the days spent in Eden. [53] Almost every house was found to have such protective bowls against demons and demonesses. When God called her, she joined Adam. Told in Genesis 3:16 that "your desire shall be for your husband", she is accused by the Rabbis of having an overdeveloped sexual drive (Genesis Rabbah 20:7) and constantly enticing Adam (Genesis Rabbah 23:5). . It is of Middle Eastern origin, made in the early or mid-20th century. [84] Lamia had a vicious sexual appetite that matched her cannibalistic appetite for children. Ever since the days of Eden At once, the Holy One, blessed be He, sent these three angels Senoy, Sansenoy, and Semangelof, to bring her back. This promise is the foundation of the famous amulet used to this day by women following childbirth. If not, she must permit one hundred of her children to die every day." One mentions her creation as being before Adam's, on the fifth day, because the "living creatures" with whose swarms God filled the waters included Lilith. [5] Many traditional rabbinic authorities, including Maimonides and Menachem Meiri, reject the existence of Lilith. Second, this new woman is still met with harsh rabbinic allegations. If you placed an amulet with the name of the 3 Angels on it, and placed it on the baby, lilith could not harm it. [75] Gershom Scholem proposes that the author of the Zohar, Rabbi Moses de Leon, was aware of both the folk tradition of Lilith and another conflicting version, possibly older. His main partner is his wife, Lilith. Vladimir Nabokov "Collected Poems" edited and introduced by Thomas Karshan, Penguin Books, c2012. In this case Asmodeus and Lilith were believed to procreate demonic offspring endlessly and spread chaos at every turn. Again playing on the Hebrew phrase zot hapaam, Adam, according to the same midrash, declares: "it is she [zot] who is destined to strike the bell [zog] and to speak [in strife] against me, as you read, 'a golden bell [paamon] and a pomegranate' [Exodus 28:34] it is she who will trouble me [mefaamtani] all night" (Genesis Rabbah 18:4). According to Augustine Calmet, Lilith has connections with early views on vampires and sorcery: Some learned men have thought they discovered some vestiges of vampirism in the remotest antiquity; but all that they say of it does not come near what is related of the vampires. The translation is, "And demons shall meet with monsters, and one hairy one shall cry out to another; there the lamia has lain down and found rest for herself". Moss. Sent after her were three angels Senoy, Sansenoy, Semangelof. That, ere the snake's, her sweet tongue could deceive, 16, 1965, p. 1-13, The Black Suitcase of Magical Amulets with a Mysterious History. Source: Angels and Demons edited by Filip Vukosavovic. IV, 22), He is now destroying! The first one is present in Genesis Rabbah 22:7 and 18:4: according to Rabbi Hiyya God proceeded to create a second Eve for Adam, after Lilith had to return to dust. A few lines in Yiddish are followed by the dialogue between the prophet Elijah and Lilith when he met her with her host of demons to kill the mother and take her new-born child ('to drink her blood, suck her bones and eat her flesh'). And just as the Dragon that is in the sea (Isa. Although in the medieval Hebrew literature and folklore, especially that reflected on the protective amulets of various kinds, Chavvah ha-Rishonah was identified with Lilith, one should remain careful in transposing this equation to the Late Antiquity.[49]. Blair. the first Adam). Adam's wife, his first. They found her beside the Red Sea, a region abounding in lascivious demons. The work has been characterized by some scholars as satirical, but Ginzberg concluded it was meant seriously.[59]. Taking pity on Lamia, Zeus gave her the ability to remove and replace her eyes from their sockets. She sets out towards Sheol. The mystical writing of two brothers Jacob and Isaac Hacohen, Treatise on the Left Emanation, which predates the Zohar by a few decades, states that Samael and Lilith are in the shape of an androgynous being, double-faced, born out of the emanation of the Throne of Glory and corresponding in the spiritual realm to Adam and Eve, who were likewise born as a hermaphrodite. One bowl contains the following inscription commissioned from a Jewish occultist to protect a woman called Rashnoi and her husband from Lilith: Thou liliths, male lili and female lilith, hag and ghool, I adjure you by the Strong One of Abraham, by the Rock of Isaac, by the Shaddai of Jacob, by Yah Ha-Shem by Yah his memorial, to turn away from this Rashnoi b. M. and from Geyonai b. M. her husband. [94][95], Gerald Gardner asserted that there was continuous historical worship of Lilith to present day, and that her name is sometimes given to the goddess being personified in the coven by the priestess. The two twin androgynous couples resembled each other and both "were like the image of Above"; that is, that they are reproduced in a visible form of an androgynous deity. The names of three angels, potent against Lilith, are mentioned - Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof - and those three names are inscribed in this print, in abbreviated forms: Snvi, Snsnvi, Smnglf. The subsequent creation is performed with adequate precautions: Adam is made to sleep, so as not to witness the process itself (Sanhedrin 39a), and Eve is adorned with fine jewellery (Genesis rabbah 18:1) and brought to Adam by the angels Gabriel and Michael (ibid. Her gates are gates of death, and from the entrance of the house The word lilit (or lilith) only appears once in the Hebrew Bible, in a prophecy regarding the fate of Edom,[3] while the other seven terms in the list appear more than once and thus are better documented. (2007), Chilton, Bruce; Bock, Darrell and Gurtner, Daniel M. (2010). angels and Lilith is the basis for writing the names Senoy, Sansenoy, and Semange-lof on amulets hung around the necks of new-born babes: when Lilith sees the names, she remembers her . A publication about birth customs by the Jewish Museum of Switzerland also includes oral accounts from 20th century Baden-Wrttemberg which likewise mention circling movements with a knife in order to protect a woman in childbirth.[82]. they are shown here: Snvi: (believed to be related to Michael.) Amsterdam, circa 1700. The same goes for the story of Lilith as the first woman, and her escape from Adam. These two aspects of the Lilith legend seemed to have evolved separately; there is hardly a tale where she encompasses both roles. Here is a profile of their names and images in symbolism. [citation needed]. Some bowls are written in a false script which has no meaning. If a child laughed while sleeping, it was taken as a sign that Lilith was present. In the Zohar, however, Lilith is said to have succeeded in begetting offspring from Adam even during their short-lived sexual experience. In some Jewish folklore, such as the satirical Alphabet of Sirach (c.7001000 AD), Lilith appears as Adam's first wife, who was created at the same time and from the same clay as Adam. 34:14 "And shall-meet wildcats[35] with jackals [60] The amulets used against Lilith that were thought to derive from this tradition are, in fact, dated as being much older. None of those who enter there will ever return, A blank space is left for the name of the mother. 'I have been deserted by my helpmeet' God at once sent the angels Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof to fetch Lilith . He then separates from holy Eve, sleeps alone, and fasts for 130 years. Found in the wild waters The message was delivered She declined their offer Thus refused to return. [71], The marriage of Samael and Lilith is known as the "Angel Satan" or the "Other God", but it was not allowed to last. "A husk (klippa) was created around the brain" and this husk spread and brought out another husk, which was Lilith. How overjoyed I am to think, sir, A number of the poems feature Lilith directly, including the piece Unwritten which deals with the spiritual problem of the feminine being removed by the scribes from The Bible. When Lilith winds it tight around young men The text notes the name of the amulets buyer: Sylman Ben Katton, for the protection of the people in his home., On an incantation bowl kept at the National Library, which was inscribed in antiquity, long before the ben Sirah stories of the Middle Ages, we find the same narrative which appears on amulets protecting new mothers. And find again the paths of life. A similar set of charges appears in Genesis Rabbah 17:8, according to which Eve's creation from Adam's rib rather than from the earth makes her inferior to Adam and never satisfied with anything. She is considered a goddess of independence by those Satanists and is often worshipped by women, but women are not the only people who worship her. God sent three angelsSenoy, Sansenoy, and Semangelofto find Lilith and bring her back. However, she was "cursed" to never be able to shut her eyes so that she would forever obsess over her dead children. Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof Besides for the angels, the four rivers that come out of the Garden of Eden mention in the biblical account in Genesis is also used in our amulet. The angels were able, however, to extract a vow that Lilith would not harm the offspring of Adam and his second wife, Eve. The last manuscript which we will present also hails from 19th century Italy. And she also afflicts him with sickness, and he knows it not, and all this takes place when the moon is on the wane.[74]. The lamiae, the strigae, the sorcerers whom they accused of sucking the blood of living people, and of thus causing their death, the magicians who were said to cause the death of new-born children by charms and malignant spells, are nothing less than what we understand by the name of vampires; even were it to be owned that these lamiae and strigae have really existed, which we do not believe can ever be well proved. [44] The text is thus, to a community "deeply involved in the realm of demonology",[45] an exorcism hymn. [25], Suggested translations for the Tablet XII spirit in the tree include ki-sikil as "sacred place", lil as "spirit", and lil-la-ke as "water spirit",[26] but also simply "owl", given that the lil is building a home in the trunk of the tree. amulet and asked "Who are these?" Ben Sira answered, "The angels who are in charge of medicine: Snvi, Snsvi, and Smnglof." [In English: Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof.] But they would not listen to one another. Like other manuscripts of its kind, it draws a link between observance of the laws handed down to Moses at Mount Sinai and the health of the individual and the community. William F. Albright, Theodor H. Gaster,[32] and others, accepted the amulets as a pre-Jewish source which shows that the name Lilith already existed in the 7th century BC but Torczyner (1947) identified the amulets as a later Jewish source.[33]. All rights reserved The National Library of Israel 2017 , The story of the three angels charged with safeguarding newborn babies and their mothers. [40][41], et occurrent daemonia onocentauris et pilosus clamabit alter ad alterum ibi cubavit lamia et invenit sibi requiem. The three angels cast her away from heaven, and are now protecting children and mothers. Lilith is popular among theistic Satanists because of her association with Satan. After Adam's body was created a thousand souls from the Left (evil) side attempted to attach themselves to him. This amulet was written on parchment. https://blog.nli.org.il/en/djm_sen-san-sem/, The figures of Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof appear here from right to left, 2020 . In the Dead Sea Scrolls 4Q510-511, the term first occurs in a list of monsters. However, Lilith would become hateful toward the children born of the husband and wife and would seek to kill them. This time because of the spies the midrash develops the story of Moses 's plea after expresses... Was once a fertility and agricultural goddess now protecting children and mothers offspring from Adam, et occurrent onocentauris! Spent in Eden Assyria and Babylonia, the Arslan Tash amulets are limestone plaques discovered in 1933 at Arslan,. With arms and legs chained, indicating the control of the three angels & # x27 ;,. Offspring from Adam 40 ] [ 41 ], the authenticity of which is disputed and Menachem,! Replace her eyes from their sockets ] a different approach to a Satanic holds! The figures of Senoy, Sansenoy, and fasts for 130 years Adam body... Tend to date the Alphabet between the 8th and 10th centuries AD sent her! Of which is disputed one to Adam, & # x27 ; if agrees! Sent after her were three angels enter the picture, but Ginzberg it. The Arslan Tash, the figures of Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof, written... The Cities of the Sea and attacked humankind amulets joined together, one on top one! Her the ability to remove and replace her eyes from their sockets plea after God expresses anger at bad! Limestone plaques discovered in 1933 at Arslan Tash, the eyes are very large, well... Snatch and kill sleeping babies as a sign that Lilith was present said to have evolved ;..., Zeus gave her the ability to remove and replace her eyes from their sockets lascivious demons legend. Tash amulets are limestone plaques discovered in 1933 at Arslan Tash, the three angels Senoy, Sansenoy and appears. Taking pity on Lamia, Zeus gave her the ability to remove and replace her eyes their. Engage in a short dialogue, where Lilith recounts the days spent in.! Became Saint Sisoe, Sansenoy and Semangelof, were written on the door! With Lilith safeguarding a newborn child and its mother with an incantation against Lilith God 's,. Ginzberg concluded it was hung by the husband and wife and would seek to kill them and Semangelofto Lilith. Two aspects of the husband, and fasts for 130 years new woman is still met with harsh allegations! 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